The Universal Wish Bon appétit

Bon appà ©tit,  pronounced  bo na pay tee, is regarded all over the world as a polite wish to have a good meal.  Oxford Dictionary  calls it broadly a salutation to a person about to eat.  The literal meaning, good appetite, has scant bearing on the intended wish; people these days place more importance on the quality of the meal, especially in France, than on having a healthy appetite, which is more or less assumed. Nevertheless, the element of appetite persists in several languages. Hope You Enjoy Your Meal People may tell you that no one says bon appà ©tit anymore in France, that only a certain economic class still uses the term or some other negative thing about this expression. But its not true. To the contrary, the expression  bon appà ©tit is used generously throughout France—at dinner parties, in restaurants, on the plane, on the train, while picnicking in the park, even in the hallway of your apartment building with no food in sight. Youll hear it from friends, waiters, passers-by, people you know and people you dont. Basically anyone you see around mealtime will wish you a polite bon appà ©tit, whether youll be dining with them or not. And this is not limited to small towns; its  everywhere in France. The Wish in Other Languages Bon appà ©tit is often used in English, especially in polite company, when toasting a meal with wine and when  Francophiles are dining. The literal translation sounds strange, and the best English equivalents, Enjoy your meal or Have a nice meal, just dont have the same ring. Other Latinate European languages use almost identical wishes to the French bon appà ©tit: Catalan: Bon profitItalian: Buon appetito Portuguese: Bom apetiteSpanish: Buen apetito (though Buen provecho, Enjoy your meal,  is more common) Even the most Germanic of languages, German itself, uses a direct translation of bon appà ©tit:  Guten appetit.  And  in countries like Greece that are far removed from the French language but have long had a snobbish respect for French culture,  you can hear bon appà ©tit at dinnertime alongside the local kali orexi,  which by the way also means good appetite. Theres something to be said for the staying power of a universal wish about something so basic to our lives. To whomever is sitting down to eat right now:  Bon appà ©tit!

Introduction And Literature Review On Hypertension Essay

CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Motivation Approximately one in every three adult’s ages 20 years old and older are diagnosed with high blood pressure or hypertension. Hypertension affects 78 million people in the United States and is equally prevalent in both men and woman (Crabtree et al., 2013). Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Hajjar Kotchen, 2003). It can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, heart failure, neurological issues, and death if not detected early and not treated properly (James, Oparil, Carter, et al., 2014). Approximately 9.4 million deaths in 2010 were attributed to high blood pressure (Angell, De Cock, Frieden, 2015). About 54% of strokes, 47% of coronary heart disease, and 25 % of other cardiovascular diseases are attributed to high blood pressure (Arima, Barzi, Chalmers, 2011). Factors that contribute to hypertension are age, ethnicity, gender, and lifestyles as shown in Figure 1 (Yoon, Burt, Louis, Carroll, 2012). While the prevalence of hypertension is relatively equal among men and women, certain ethnicities have a higher propensity for developing hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in African-Americans is among the highest in the United States for a single ethnic group (Ferdinand Armani, 2007). In the United States, around 78% of people suffering from hypertension are aware of their condition, with only 68% using hypertensive medications to control their bloodShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Hypertension On Patients With Hypertension1347 Words   |  6 Pages Running head: GARLIC IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION !1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Garlic in Patients with Hypertension Alexandria Jean Cruz ? Remington College ? September 21, 2015 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 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The True American Cowboy Essay Example For Students

The True American Cowboy Essay The True American CowboyAs the twentieth century approached, America was experiencing a time of considerable expansion. All eyes were looking for ways to make the United States a larger, more powerful, and more efficient country. Because of this wave in American society, there was no movement given more devotion than the settling of the West. The range-cattle industry in its various aspects, and in its importance to the United States and particularly to the Great Plains, has been a subject of focus to Americans since its origin in the mid 1800s. This industry was rendered possible by such factors as vast sections of fertile land, the rise of heavy industry involving the great demand for beef, and projected commercial tributaries, such as railroad lines across the frontier. The West was turning toward the future A future that held industrial promises of high monetary rewards as well as a valuable addition to a growing America. However, like any other industry, the West needed a labor force. Workers with special skills and qualities were necessary to support a booming new frontier. Previously untaught skills such as riding, roping, and branding could not simply be acquired by the average American. Athletic, rugged men were needed to settle the West. However, these men also needed inborn courage and quick thinking to utilize these skills effectively. The general public, however, under the influence of decades of Western movies and television shows have created an imagery of these men of the west or cowboys that is extremely inaccurate. American society has come to regard these settlers as the purest and noblest Anglo-Saxons. In reality, a great portion of the work contributed towards the settling of the western frontier was performed by minorities, largely consisting of African Americans. Kenneth W. Porter has devoted his life to researching the truths about African-Americans in the West. He chronicles his findings in his book, The Negro on the American Frontier. Porter proves that the role of the black man during the settling of the of the land west of the Mississippi River that stretched from the Rio Grande to the Canadian border was crucial not only to the cattle industry, but to the entire country. In his findings, Porter reveals that the West was one of Americas first non-segregated territories, both physically and morally. This integration was a crucial step towards physical productivity as well as social productivity. During the great expansion of the West between 1866-1900 it is authoritatively estimated by General George W. Saunders of the Texas Trail Drivers Association that of the 50,000-75,000 cowboys who helped to created the West, 25 percent were black (Porter, 1971). However, to merely state that there were 13,000-19,000 Black cowboys is inaccurate simply because the American definition of a cowboy has become distorted. To understand the role of the blacks in the West, one must first comprehend what the cattle-industry workers or cowboys truly did. To move a herd of cattle men do not simply jump on horses and scream and hit until the herd moves. Contrary to common thought, there was a very systematic hierarchy of jobs involved in being a frontiersman. The group together was referred to as the trail herd outfit. This outfit usually consisted of about a dozed men, each with an individual responsibility. As in any group, there was a leader, second in command, and then three levels of workers. Negroes occupied all positions of the cattle-industry employees, from the usually low wrangler through ordinary hand to top hand and lofty cook. However, it would never be tolerated to give the distinguished honor of ranch or trail boss to a man with colored skin. Although the Black cowboys seem to have been treated much more fairly than their relatives in other regions of the country, it must be understood that at this point in history the United States was rebounding from a traumatic Civil War. This left a bitter taste in the mouth of many Americans and hostile feelings towards Negroes were still inundating the country. These conflicts could be seen the West. These feelings were simply blurred by the other hardships that accompanied the settling of the new frontier. African-American men were not simply handed important jobs out of pity, they were there for a reason. While, there were plenty of white men willing to work for the same extremely low wages, the hostile attitudes held by whites were generally overlooked in compensation for the more than adequate work performed by blacks. Black cowboys, whether on ranch or trail, were generally regarded as good workers, who got along well with others and who took pride in their work. One white Texan, a former cowboy and rancher, even went so far as to say, There was no better cowman on Earth than the Negro (Porter, 1971). Endangered species 3 EssayThe black cowboys life was hard, tedious, and lonely with very few luxuries. Despite these hardships, the African-American frontiersmen lived a somewhat dignified life. They were not burdened with the constraints placed upon many other blacks throughout the country. This was especially crucial to those who were previously living in the South and trying to survive as sharecroppers during the enactment of the Jim Crow laws. Instead of remaining prone to harsh treatment, they worked on the ranches, herding and branding cattle. The real cowboys were black, white, brown, and red. They ate together, did the same jobs, spent weeks with each other, and shared the same dangers. Together cowboys rode out of Texas along many notorious trails, such as the Chisholm, Western, and Goodnight-Loving trails that went northward towards Kansas, the Dakotas, Colorado, and Wyoming. Many of these rugged outdoorsmen were killed in stampedes, frozen to death, exhausted from the he at, or even drowned. Some remained on the northern plains, while some migrated back South, and some, like Nat Love, ended up somewhere in the middle (Porter, 1971). Unfortunately, today the true history of the West has become a nothing more than a myth. History was replaced by fiction, and these falsehoods are perceived by todays society as facts. The true American cowboy, white or black, no longer exists in the minds of Americans.It is only as one delves deeper into the facts that the unperceived truth arises. The success of settling the West can be contributed to men such as Nat Love, but one can certainly not omit the hardworking cowboys who did not live such a glamorous life. The Negro cowboys of this era played a crucial role in facilitating any work on Americas new frontier. The Black cowboys were essential to the United States during the late 1800s, in a time when any Negro needed great perseverance against prejudice. For their valiant efforts the Black cowboys should be give n great honor and prestige. Bibliography:Love, Nat, The Life and Adventures of Nat Love, Better Known in the Cattle Country asDead Wood Dick, New York; Arno Press, 1968. Porter, Kenneth W., The Negro on the American Frontier, New York; Arno Press, 1971.

Junior Colleges free essay sample

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