Mormon religion strengths and weakness Essay

The Mormon religion was initially recognized as Church of Jesus Christ and is a restoration of the earlier church that had been found by Jesus. According to the â€Å"facts† article, there are around 14 million Mormon followers and do meet in roughly 30, 000 congregations globally. It was established by Joseph Smith in the year 1830 in USA. It teaches that Christianity is apostate and actually God had raised Joseph Smith to be a prophet in order to restore Christianity. They believe that the use of the bible is not enough to reveal what we ought to know and believe that all the revelations that were discovered by Smith were scriptures. They base their system of religion on doctrines as well as covenant books. Mormonism does teach that there was a time that God was actually a man hence, man may one day become God. It is therefore imperative to have a limelight on the strengths and weakness of the Mormon religion. According to the â€Å"Mormon religion† article, one of the weaknesses in this religion is that most of Joseph’s prophesies never come to pass. Thus most people argue that he was not really a prophet of God. In 1891, Joseph alleged that before he attains 85 years, Jesus Christ would come back. He however did not reach the age of 85 since he got murdered in the year 1844. Jesus Christ did not return. He had false prophesies. For example, he prophesied in the year 1832, that the USA civil war, that the British would be involved and it would extend globally. He also prophesied on government’s demise at Missouri because he was displeased with the government but it never came to be. Smith just revealed on what a false prophet he really was. One of its strengths is that it appears good to people who have no idea of the scriptures. They have a well organized as well as large amounts of money for backing it. They hardly teach their weird beliefs until later when one gets baptized. The religion is weak as far as scripture base is concerned. The prospective Mormons are usually persuaded to worship God and ask if Mormon’s book is really true. They are encouraged by being told that the reply will come via burning sensation coming from their bosom. However, most of them do not even bother to have a look at this book. Mormons do not follow the scriptures of their book thus rendering the religion weak. Mormon religion promotes discrimination. It teaches that the beings which fought valiantly for God had come to the earth as the whites and those who did not fight were blacks. Therefore, for many years the blacks could not be appointed as priests in the Mormon religion and worship system (Michael, 2006). Joseph Smith believed that the Negroes were inferior in the society and also believed that if the black people would be treated in the same way as others they would prove to be more productive, intelligent and prosperous. This has led to so much controversy rendering the religion to be racist. The church also advocate for polygamy. Though they may have some strange doctrines they have some strengths too as far as the religion is concerned. Members of the Mormon religion are better than other religions as far as sustaining of the marriage culture is concerned (Maggie, 2007). They usually do this through participating successfully and fully in the modern life. Approximately 77% of teenagers aged between 13 and 17 condemn fornication and support sex only for the married people (Maggie, 2007). They believe that sex before marriage is wrong and its pleasurable if saved only for marriage. The Mormon members are unlikely to have children out of wedlock (Maggie, 2007). Also their other strength is that they believe in an evidentiary faith. They believe that people can go to God and receive some answers that they need and this essentially is the ground base of religion. The weakness in this base is that, if the followers do not succeed after praying, they end up leaving the church since most of them do it for evidence purposes. According to the â€Å"advantages of Mormonism’ article, the strength of Mormonism is that it is usually open as far as history and science is concerned as compared to the conservative evangelicalism. However, most of the vital elements of this religion are not proven scientifically and their book is hard to explain. Also the Mormon religion is so much centered scientifically thus does not solve most of the theological problems. When it comes to practical religions, Mormons are better than most. They have welfare system that takes care of their fellow colleagues and do practice fellowship. Their welfare system does focus mostly on social issues, health matters and issues to do with infrastructure. The Mormon Church has a weakness since it does not make it very easy for its members to finally leave the church (Richard, 2009). It usually knows better than the members know and usually protects one against them. This is a weakness since everybody has the freedom to worship. In the US and other democratic unions one is guaranteed the freedom of religion and association. Whether or not the Mormon is a religion that can be relied on or not, that is not the main issue. The main issue is that it has both flaws as well as strengths and it is up to the people to decide whether to be involved in it or not. Works Cited Advantages of Mormonism. Mormon metaphysics and theology. (2007). Retrieved 20, May, 2010

Rechargeable Charcoal/Wood-Feed Stove Essay

Currently, Philippines experiences economic crisis which results to higher costs of rare fossil fuels and LPG tanks which is used as a medium of cooking stoves. The study was conducted to construct a Rechargeable Charcoal/Wood-Feed Stove; a time-saver and a cost efficient appliance. It aims to compare the efficiency of the said stove to other commonly types of stove such as LPG Stove and Charcoal/Wood Clay Stove regarding with the time consumed when boiling, the watts consumed and the volume of fuel needed. The body was composed of half-cut gas tank, the base with steel bars. Cement and sand was poured. Perforated plate was attached to serve as air outlet. The box was made and the 12-volt battery was attached. The results of time and watts consumed when boiling using 750 ml of water using rechargeable charcoal/wood-feed stove was 2. 67 minutes, and 0. 00018 watts respectively using 50 g of charcoal in average. Cost of fuel and watts used were Php 0. 71 and Php 0. 02 respectively. Whereas using the Charcoal/Wood Clay Stove, the time consumed when boiling was 10. 35 minutes consuming 300 g of charcoal in average and the total cost obtained was Php 4. 29. While for LPG Stove was; 4. 67 minutes consuming 66. 7 g of gas in average and the total cost obtained was Php 4. 97. Based on the results gathered, using comparison, the researchers concluded that the stove is less-time consuming and a fuel-saver compared to LPG Stove and Charcoal/Wood Clay Stove.

Community Within Maycomb Essay

So often in a society we are misled at the actual courageous and uncourageous acts that are done amongst a society. Most of the time it is usually because we have our own perception that a society is emulated from the way someone may act or the lineage and community in which some are born into. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee shows the strengths and weaknesses of a community through the white community, black community, and lastly the community within a family. Though there is much strength in a White community, like holding their values high, there are also weaknesses like being racist toward the â€Å"Blacks. For instance Jem points out a weakness in the White community when he tells Scout, â€Å"They’re real sad†¦ They don’t belong anywhere. Colored folks won’t have ‘em because they’re half white; white folks won’t have ‘em cause they’re colored, so they’re just in-between, don’t belong anywhere. † Back during the 1930’s interracial marriage was unheard of and if it was it was thought of as impure or inadequate therefore disregarded. Experts Joyce Moss and Gorge Wilson say, â€Å"†¦ Racial relations where complicated by various restrictions in the 1930’s. Breaking the taboo against sexual intercourse between a black man and a white woman was considered by most whites and some blacks†¦ most serious offence. This kind of miscegenation would ‘taint’ racial purity. † This then re-states the negativity of racism during the time of Maycomb in the White community. Despite of Macomb’s racist perspectives they also share very important morals between their communities. Atticus Finch shares with Scout,† you never really understand a person until you consider things from his [or her] point of view†¦ ntil you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it. †(Chapter 3) This excerpt shows how high Atticus being from the White community, keeps his standards and beliefs held high so that he may be looked up as Macomb’s role model. In conclusion this states, though Maycomb may struggle with some things that still to this very day affect us as a community, Maycomb is also showing how it is to be keeping their morals in mind. From the outside looking in it may seem as though the Black community has no strength despite the fact there is. During the time period the Blacks had no problem with helping one another. If one didn’t know the other one knew and they assisted one another. During church scout asks â€Å"How we gonna sing [the songs] if their aint any hymn books? † â€Å"[Zebo cleared his throat and read in a voice†¦ ]. We tend to always focus on the main idea but this tiny detail helps the Blacks unite with each other because they are able to participate in activities like sing in church by just being able to work with each other to read the hymnal and be a religious community. Scout being from the White community she doesn’t understand the ways of the â€Å"blacks† and how they choose to be one. KJ The book girl states, â€Å"The black community as a whole is a very close congregation, as it has to be to survive the harsh treatment by the white community†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Because the Blacks have been kind of segregated by the White community, it has taught them to become and be closer. In difference to the negative conversations that go on in the Black community as well. You ain’t got no business bringin’ white chillun here—they got their church, we got our’n. It is our church, ain’t it, Miss Cal? † said Lula. This is the first time Jem and Scout experience direct racism which is usually never heard of because they are white. This makes them in a real uncomfortable position in which they have never been. The weakness in the Black community is they are racist back and don’t want to make a difference well most of them anyway. Even though Lula is from the black community she is prejudice towards the whites. This is a weakness in the black community though they help one another they don’t realize how to be the bigger person in the sense of acting with dignity and not stooping and lowering you self to discriminate against different raced people. There are much strength as well as many weaknesses within the kinship of a Family community. Atticus instills within his kids that, â€Å"I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It’s when you know you’re licked before you begin, but you begin anyway. † A Review of General Semantics says that,† Atticus agrees to defend a black man named Tom Robinson who has been accused of [a heinous crime] raping Mayella Ewell a white woman. During the trial, Atticus provides sufficient evidence†¦ if fact provides that Mayella’s father Bob[Ewell] is responsible for marks on her face†¦ however the all-white jury convicts Tom[Robinson] away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Action speaks louder than words have always been the saying for a society especially when parents say it. Atticus is teaching his kids the moral of standing up for what is right and to have full courage when doing so. He defends Tom Robinson to not only prove that this man has done nothing wrong but also to teach his kids the moral of standing up for what you believe in and having courage to do so is far more meaning full than feeling powerful verse feeling courageous for doing the right thing. In contrast to the benefits of a positive family community. In contrast to a positive family environment Robert also know as Bob Ewell, is determined to have a black man imprisoned for a crime that he has not committed. Atticus, while on the trial with Mayella Ewell Atticus asks her, â€Å"Why don’t you tell the truth, child, didn’t Bob Ewell beat you up? † Bob Ewell being a horrifying father has done a crime that if people knew what he has done the community would probably never speak to or even regard him again. He has raped and beaten his own flesh and blood. The inhumanity that he possesses within his family as the head of the house hold is unfathomable.

To what extent was the Cold War global in nature Essay

To what extent was the Cold War global in nature - Essay Example First is the issue of spheres of influence. Spheres of influence have usually offered a tactic of control against immense power struggles by, establishing a defence ring of geographic territories around the lands of superpowers (Feste 1992). Certainly, throughout the Cold War the great powers formulated ideals concerning spheres of influence that were somewhat vital. In the initial stages of fierce Cold War struggle, the fight between the Soviet Union and the United States ensued over concerns of the external and internal direction of European countries, which is quite localized in nature. Yet, the regime supported by each of the great power appeared to create â€Å"a credible philosophical and organisational substitute for the old order of European politics† (Feste 1992, 15). The struggle hence becomes globalised. When the aforementioned part of the struggle weakened due to the military standoff and the recovery of Europe, the emphasis of the conflict moved to the developing or colonial nations. At this point, dissimilar from the European condition, the struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States seldom involved political or military domination (Westad 2005). More importantly, it involved the demands of the particular political and social paradigms introduced by the Soviet Union and the United States to the emerging countries. This struggle between the great powers had a major global impact on political reforms in developing and underdeveloped countries. Among other things, it increased the emphasis on social change, on economic progress, and nation building, which the Soviet Union and the United States recognised as the core rationale for these nations in their affairs with either of the great powers (Feste 1992). The global nature of the Cold War, in relation to this great power conflict, is precisely described by Paul Seabury (as cited in Feste 1992,16): Classical great-power competition had stressed principally the respective force capab ilities of states: their command of military power; their ability to build, sustain and manipulate alliances; the reach of their economic and commercial influence. Yet, Soviet-American competition added to this a further element: since both systems claimed to be based upon and legitimated by certain universally valid socioeconomic principles, so their respective performances were then to be judged by supposedly universal norms. The touchstone of performance was thus not merely to be seen in direct matters of power and effective influence when both systems impinged on each other, but in the operational vitality of the principles themselves, both within and outside their respective national and hegemonic realms. Hence the strength of American supremacy stemmed from specific normative ideals not simply assessed in terms of domestic influence and authority. Furthermore, ideology was indispensable as well for the Soviet Union to preserve its position globally, which necessitated support for radical campaigns (Westad 2005). The Cold War had created a particular cluster of organised, global interconnections that held an impression of order and formed a new world balance (Westad 2005). These circumstances depended on a unified group of principles that offered a justification for the interferences of the great powers throughout the Cold War period. Aside from the sphere of influence factor, strategic geographical positioning and ideology made the Cold War a global affair. William Bundy (1989) describes the global nature of the Cold War in terms of ‘balance of power’, arguing that it is difficult to overstate the level of the global supremacy by the Soviet Union and the United States in the initial decades of the post-war period. In terms of

E-government users identification Research Proposal

E-government users identification - Research Proposal Example Therefore all organizations strive to develop a comprehensive information system that would promote and accelerate the organizational aims and objectives in a manner that would help it to achieve higher level of efficiency and organizational growth which would offset a competitive advantage over their rivals. The e-governance based on information system with its wide variety of database, comprising of canonical and non canonical types of information, is not only complex by nature but also highly sensitive for its confidentiality. Thus, security of user identification and login become vital ingredients of an effective e-government. The proposal would help identify and evaluate the various elements of e-security and measures that would help protect the risks of breach of information in the e-government of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is prominent country of the South East Asia with Islamic culture. It is a vast land of arid desert and hot climate. In the last 30 years, it has undergone tremendous transformation in almost all areas of public concern vis-Ã  -vis health, education, transport, environment and infrastructure development (Saudi Arabia, 2006) Network of roads, application of technology for improving public health and local economy have been the key areas of development. It has state of the art hospitals, education centers, universities and tourists attractions and recreational facilities. The oil and gas mining has been the major source of wealth creation that has been well utilized to improve the socio-economic status of 22.6 million population. The e-governance, would therefore, greatly facilitate transparency and improve and improvise the management of government departments for optimal outcome. In the last three decades, Saudi Arabia has seen tremendous changes in its socio-economic development processes. The oil mining has greatly improved

Read instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Read instructions - Essay Example According to Jess Coleman, the main aim of according death penalty to convicts is to deter, control, and ultimately curb crime. However, he argues that whether death penalty has achieved its purpose is a point of discussion. He argues that any executions take place in a violent manner though the intention is usually honorable. He notes that no substantial evidence relates increased executions to reduced crime. Instead, he observes that there is a correlation  between increased executions and rise in crime in countries like China, Iran, Yemen, Sudan, Tunisia, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, North Korea, and Libya. In addition, he argues that ultimately what the death sentence achieves is death and not justice. Moreover, he notes that just like in any other policy, the society and the government is not ready to deal with the aftermath of the death penalty. As such, he argues that governments should look for better and ethical ways of holding criminals accountable than subjecting them to a death penalty (Coleman Web). Indeed, the author’s purpose is to refute the idea that death penalty is justified in the society. He uses trusted statistics to prove that death penalty barely reduces crime in the society. He seeks to point out the need to find out other avenues of seeking justice than convicting criminals to death. I agree with the author’s argument that death penalty do not deter crime. Actually, as he portrays in the data no substantial evidence relates increased executions to reduced crime. This is so because in many cases death penalties rise from failed legal process where convicts do not get a chance to defend themselves. Others rise from vengeance as states seek to silence citizens who oppose the government. At the same time, the offended person gets no justice when the offender dies. It would serve the victim better if the criminal takes responsibility than dying. Actually, two wrongs do not make

Environmental Science Lab IP 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Science Lab IP 5 - Essay Example This is deposited at the bottom of the lake bed and then undergoes decomposition, yielding nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen that then accelerate the growth of algae species (Vanderploeg, et al., 2001). Using MUSE, the numbers of phytoplankton, zooplankton, Cladophara, Foraging fish and Lake Trout were recorded at intervals of 0, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 20 years after the introduction of the Zebra and Quagga mussels to the ecosystem. The recorded results showed that the population of the Zebra and Quagga mussels, as well as the Cladophora biomass increased rapidly from 0-13 years. It then decreased in the subsequent years (16-20). Conversely, the populations of phytoplankton, zooplankton, Foraging fish and the Lake Trout decreased from 0-13 years, and then increased afterwards. The results showed that between 0-13 years of introduction, the population of the Zebra and Quagga mussels increased and that of the phytoplankton reduced since the mussels feed on the phytoplankton. The reduction of the phytoplankton population led to a reduction in the populations of the species that come next on the food chain (zooplankton, Foraging fish and Lake Trout). The biomass of Cladophora algae rose like that of the mussels rose because of the increase in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus due to decomposition of pseudofecal matter. The population of the mussels rose up to the point where the available phytoplankton could not sustain their survival, resulting in a large number dying off. This led to a subsequent drop in the biomass of Cladophora algae because of the reduction in the amount of nutrients available. As the population of the mussels dropped, there was a slight increase in the population of the phytoplankton. This lead to a subsequent rise in the population of the species dependent on it both directly and indirectly. Benson, A. J., Raikow, D., Larson, J., & Fusaro, A. (2012, 06 06). Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771).

TQM Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

TQM Philosophy - Essay Example This research tells that TQM's position as an industry innovator was well established by the time of the accelerator pedal disaster. Not only had they established themselves as being nearly synonymous with TQM, but they also had become well-associated with Kaizen and quality circles. Toyota's cars were well-respected in the market for their safety, longevity and gas efficiency. But the accelerator pedal problem showed chinks in their armor. What is certain, even if the TQM idea they deployed was philosophically sound, is that Toyota became complacent due to their success. Like IBM, Microsoft, AT&T, and too many other companies to list, their size and strategic position had led them to believe they could cut corners and do no wrong. Toyota now has been reminded of their fallibility and will have to spend years regaining the trust of their consumers. As the burger chain, Wendy's can testify, even erroneous claims of TQM failures at one store can cause a PR nightmare for years even afte r the claim has been proven to be fraudulent. Toyota will have to examine where TQM failures were made, and hold some people accountable. Worse, this is not a faulty construction element, so their front-line workers can't be held responsible. Instead, it is faulty design, which implicates engineers and management, people higher up the food chain who it is more difficult to demote or fire. The implication for TQM is obvious: Big companies will need to overcompensate in their TQM protocols. With their amassed capital, big companies should be able to comply more, not less, with TQM needs and restrictions. But they will need to recognize that market pressures and internal cultures endemic to large, successful organizations cause what might appear to be viable TQM initiatives to fail. They will need to make their TQM programmes even more robust, knowing that the uncorrected tendency of the company will be to veer into complacency and therefore into unsafe products. But another issue that TQM advocates face in the wake of the Toyota debacle is that elements like TQM can transition from innovative, effective new techniques into established rigidities. New ideas can still be adapted to new market situations, but once an idea like TQM has become old enough, it becomes very hard to apply it in new ways internal to a company due to factors of complacency, institutional size and the commensurate reduction in flexibility, and established institutional cultures that start to make the idea into a routine that becomes increasingly hard to break. TQM advocates will need to commit to bringing in fresh new minds and new ideas and actually adopting them on a yearly basis in order to remain viable. But the Toyota TQM issue was even worse than it appeared: It actually indicated weakness with the whole idea of TQM. An engineer reported, Although one of the main tasks of engineers at the company was to come up with ways to improve existing product designs, I learned early on that kai zen had a fairly narrow application. It was mainly used to tweak designs to improve product performance. These techniques ensured increased market share for the company because buyers could immediately see the results of the improvements in new models. But some of the most complex engineering design processes—and the ones that tend to fail—are under the hood and out of sight of most owners†¦

AIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AIDS - Essay Example This disease has been marked as the second most frequent pathological condition across the globe which has highlighted the fact that this condition is not restricted to a particular region but follows a global pattern. It has been labeled as the first most common cause of death in Africa where it has been reported to lead to more than 20 percent of the deaths in this particular region. Following the identification of the disease, it has been known to result in greater than 20 million deaths across the world. International health organizations have noted the severity of the issue and the World Health Organization put forward the fact that 39.4 million people had AIDS or they had a present infection with human immunodeficiency virus in the year 2004 (Davidson et al 2009). The region of Africa has the highest number of people with this disease and 70 percent of the total AIDS patients belong to this region. The United States of America also has a large number of people suffering from th e disease and in the year 2002, it was analyzed that 900,000 residents of the country had the disease. The disease serves as a grave problem in the country as it has been analyzed to be the second life taking reason amongst the males of the age group of 25 to 44 years in the country. Young children are also not spared and in the year 2002, it was found out that 800,000 more children were affected with this pathology which may result due to passing of the virus from the mother to the child during birth or via breast feeding from infected mothers (Robbins et al 2005). Thus it can be seen that a very large number of people are affected with this condition but many people avoid presenting their problems owing to the stigma associated with this condition. Thesis: AIDS is a global problem which affects a large number of people and these people should be helped and societies should be created to assist these individuals. The stigma associated with this condition is unjustified as the patie nts suffering from AIDS are like other patients who require help and assistance to overcome their condition. Support: Jonathon Mann who was the director of the Global AIDS Program of the World Health Organization for this syndrome in the year 1987 already created insight into the stigmatizing aspect of AIDS. He explained that overcoming the social response associated with AIDS was extremely important in tackling the issue of AIDS across the world. This problem associated with the condition of AIDS was again highlighted in the year 2000 by Peter Piot who was the executive director of UNAIDS. The stigma and the way the patients are treated negatively further increases the suffering of the people who have AIDS. These patients avoid coming forward owing to the fact that they might be labeled in a negative manner (Parker 2002). It has been analyzed that the morals of the people who suffer from AIDS are questioned. An incident of a gynecologist who was suffering from AIDS is a very good e xample of this stigma. The doctor was widely publicized in the media and was criticized for risking the health of the patients who might be affected with the disease. A major stigma associated

Health Administarion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Health Administarion - Essay Example The lowest level of the hierarchy, physiological needs, should be the first to be met by an individual. An organization should ensure that employees have access to adequate shelter, food, and clothing. When the physiological needs have been adequately satisfied, safety of individuals will be the next on the priorities. In the case where an individual is residing within the organization’s premises, the management should ensure that they are secure, both financial and physically. Financial security will imply management undertaking strategic measures to ensure they invest in activities that will secure their future financial obligations (Miller and McBrewster 86). The need for belonging is an interpersonal need. Individuals need to be loved and have a cordial relationship with their families and friends. The organization should provide their employees time to intermingle with their family members. Human beings need to feel a sense of acceptance and belonging in the society. The fourth need is self esteem. Individuals need to have s stable self-esteem and self-respect in the society. As such, the management should issue measures that will necessitate competency, mastery, freedom and independence, and self-confidence. Instigating these measures to its employees, the management will ensure that self-esteem needs are realized. Finally, the topmost level in the hierarchy is self-actualization. Individuals strive to achieve these needs. This level will be achieved when the other needs such as physiological, safety, belonging, and self esteem are

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essay Example for Free

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Essay Module I Nature and scope of Management; evolution of management- Schools of management thought; F.W.Taylor and Henry Fayol; principles of management; management as a science and an art; management process. Folk management and its application in the modern era Evolution of management thought. Module II Functions of management- planning: planning premises; types of plan; planning process; Organization – Theories, types, importance, organization structure- Line and Staff functions Conflicts; centralization and decentralization; delegation; types, principles, elements, Coordination, Directing – Supervision, Communication. Module III Directing – motivation, leadership – Theories; importance – Controlling principles – Dynamics of Groups at work, work group behavoiur and productivity; work and motivation Manager vs. leader; leadership and motivation; leadership styles; theories of motivation. MBO: team creation and Management ; Module 1V Organizational learning and knowledge management Time management. Module V Management of Change – importance, objectives and methods – Role of leadership Transformational management. Books: 1. Koontz, H and Weihrich, H: Management, McGraw Hill Inc, New York, 1995. 2. Drucker, Peter, F: Management: Tasks, Responsibilities and Practices, Allied Publishers, New Delhi 2004. 3. Betman, Thomas S and Snell, Scott A.: Management: Competing in the New Era, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2003. 4. Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, Principles of Management: Text and Cases, Pearson, 2012 5. Stoner et al. Management, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1996. 6. Stephen P Robbins, and Mary Coulter, Management, Pearson, 2003. Pre requisite: DROPBOX ACCOUNT. Download Principles of management by F.W.Taylor from iBook and Read. EVERY ALTERNATE SESSION WILL CONTAIN PRESENTATION BY STUDENTS TO EVALUATE THE LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING OF PREVIOUS SESSIONS. SESSIONS Topics Methodology Outcome Remarks 1 Introduction; Two way study pattern; Exam and application level, Syllabus and recommended books Understand exam pattern, Evaluation pattern, Teaching Methodology. 2 Evolution of management BBC Interactive flash on Egyptian Pyramid construction, PPT Virtual difficulty and importance of management. 3 Nature and scope of Management Discussion based on previous session Virtual difficulty and importance of management. 4 to 6 Schools of management thought F.W.Taylor, PPT, Lectures and discussion F.W.Taylor ipad book , To Understand the real Application in Industry. 7 to 9 Henry Fayol; principles of management PPT, Lean bicycle factory software, Lectures and discussion To Understand the real Application in Industry. 10 Management as a science and an art Debate Incubate the thought process. 11-13 Folk management and its application in the modern era http://www.unesco.org/most/bpikreg.htm#asiapacific Explore, lecture, Assignment1: Identify folk management at local level and look it as a business opportunity. Explore the innovative folk management as an business opportunity 14 Functions of management VS Business Functions. Concept clarity through examples Understand the basic difference between the two terminologies. 15 to 17 Class test Module 1 Written examination Preparation for University exam 18 to 21 Planning: planning premises; types of plan; planning process Lecture and Assignment2: Prepare a plan to start up a small grocery store. Application of planning. 22 to 25 Organization – Theories, types, importance, organization structure- Line and Staff functions Conflicts; Ppt lecture and discussion Assignment3 Get an organization Structure of an existing firm and justify changes you will like to make Understanding Pros and cons of organization structure 26-27 Centralization and decentralization Domino’case study Application in real context 28-29 Delegation; types, principles, elements, Coordination, Hospital as an example Ppt lecture and discussion Application in real context 30-31 Directing – Supervision, Communication Lecture ppt example Understand the importance of relationship between subordinates 32-33 Directing – motivation, Ppt lecture and discussion Motivation theory and its application areas Applicability in Marketing and HR 34-36 Leadership – Theories; importance Ppt lecture and discussion Application of these theories 37-39 Class Test Module 2 Written examination Preparation for University exam 40-42 Controlling principles Why Controlling need? Understand the importance of Controlling 43-45 Dynamics of Groups at work, work group behaviour and productivity; work and motivation Ppt lecture and discussion and group based activities Realize the importance of team work 46-48 Manager vs. leader; leadership and motivation; leadership styles; theories of motivation. MBO: team creation and Management ; Ppt lecture and discussion and Debate on the best styles Understand Which type of style when and where to use 49 Organizational learning and knowledge management Time management. Ppt lecture and discussion Understand that it is a continuous lifelong process Class Test Module 3 Written examination Preparation for University exam 50-51 Management of Change – importance, objectives and methods – Ppt lecture and discussion Able to Tackle the change 52-53 Role of leadership Transformational management. Ppt lecture and discussion Understand Which type of style when and where to use 54-56 Class Test All Modules Written examination Preparation for University exam 57-60 Revision Individual presentation

Diagram of Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System Essay Example for Free

Diagram of Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System Essay Figure 2.0: Context Diagram of Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System The figure 2.0 represents the two (2) users of the Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System namely the Administrator and the Professor. The Administrator entity shows the capability to access the system; manage account by modifying account’s profile; managing member’s account such as creating new user profile and updating user profile; importing student list; creation of grade criteria; generating students grade report and updating website contents. The Professor entity shows the capability on accessing the system; managing account profile; importing student list; defining grade template for grading computation and generating student’s grade. Figure 3.0: First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of Administrator’s Capabilities The figure 3.0 represents the First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator upon successfully logging-in into the Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System. He/she has the capabilities to manage modules such as handling member’s account, importing students list, creation of grade criteria, grade computation and updating website contents Figure 3.1: Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Managing Account for Administrator The figure 3.1 shows the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator on managing members account wherein he/she has the capability to create account’s profile for new professor or associate. He/she also capable on updating existing member account. Figure 3.2: Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Import Student List, Create Criteria, Grading and Website Modules for Administrator Figure 3.2 shows the continuation of the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator. Upon successfully accessing the system, he/she has the capability to import students list and create criteria template to be use for the student’s grade computations. The Administrator also has the  capibility to change or update website contents from client’s discretion. Figure 4.0: First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram for Professor’s Capabilities In the Figure 4.0 shown above, it represents the First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of Professor in the Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System. Same with the Administrator user, the Professor also have the capabilities to update own account profile, import student lists and generate student’s grade summary. Figure 4.1: Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Managing Account, Import Student Lists and Compute Grade Modules for Professor Figure 4.1 shown above presents the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Professor upon successfully logging-in into the system. Same with the Administrator user, the Professor is also capable on modifying and updating account profile; importing student list; defining grade criteria template and generate grade summary of students.

Analysis Of Sabmillers Direction Commerce Essay

Analysis Of Sabmillers Direction Commerce Essay Over the past century, the worlds demand for beer increased significantly due to economic growth. Meanwhile, the following competitive pressure and challenges the breweries facing are becoming the big challenge in developing markets. SABMiller has already become one of the worlds leading brewers with more than 200 beer brands and some 70,000 employees in over 75 countries. However, it still faced both opportunities and threats. It may needs to reconsider the positions and establish competitive advantages accordingly. 1. Analysis of SABMillers direction SABMillers strategic priorities (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) showed that higher market share and greater influence of brand portfolios extension are the most important directions of SABMillers strategies. It can be presented by the following contents. 1.1 Direction of strategy chosen According to the introduction of Johnson (2011), Ansoffs matrix of corporate strategy directions can display SABMillers strategic direction. Ansoff (1988) provides four zones, which is market penetration, new products and services, market development and conglomerate diversification, being used in existing and new market with existing and new products and service, respectively. SABMillers direction mainly included the B zone and C zone. B zone means developing new products for its existing markets, as SABMiller acquired amount of premium and local brands to make new and strong brand portfolios in Europe and America market. C zone shows bringing existing products into new market. As it can be seen in SABMillers 2000 report, SAB caught the opportunities to create a profitable and fast-expanding business in undeveloped world through providing high quality beer and taking a share with local partners.(As shown in Figure 1) Page 1 of 10 Figure 1 corporate strategy directions Products/services Existing New A. Market penetration B. New products and services C. Market development D. Conglomerate diversification Existing Market New Source: Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, (2011) Overall, the directions of strategy are around the different markets and brand portfolios. SABMiller used the right decision to create new profits and consolidate their position in the world market. 1.2 Means of growth The growth of SABMiller over the time period concentrated on the key of MA (merger and acquisition) and strategic alliance, according to the different markets and consumers. In the developed world, in order to catering to the increasing high-end market and consumers, SABMiller set out the strong, relevant brand portfolios in the local market. Affluent consumers were varying their choices and becoming more interested in speciality brands, craft beers and foreign imports. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) In the less developed world, SABMiller improved market share with taking a share in a brewery with local partners, remaining the brand which has been acquired and providing high-quality beer in proper price. Therefore, SABMiller tried its best to control the fragmentation absolutely. The main method it carried out are: Page 2 of 101. Alliance. Joint venture is cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss, and control in the specific of enterprise. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) Such as SABMiller formed a joint venture with Chinese Snow Breweries to enrich its portfolio so that it can enter the Chinese brewery market. (The Business Journal, 2006) 2. Acquisition. One firm takes over the ownership of another. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) For example, SABMiller has already controlled 99 percent of the market in South Africa (Economist 2005) and the acquisition of the Forsters business and Miller. (Economist, 2011) 3. Merger. The combination of two previously separates organizations, typically as more or less equal partners. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) For instance, SABMiller and Molson Coors, the nations No. 2 and No. 3 brewers, merge their operations in the United States and Puerto Rico.(The New York Times, 2007) 1.3 Strategic rationale The initial rationale surrounding acquisition was that the deal would enhance SABMiller market share in the beer market. SABMillers motivation in the deal was to exploit the potential of the brand extensions in international markets, both in native, established areas (south Africa, Europe and America), as well as in burgeoning emerging markets. However, the company envisioned significant additional potential for the acquired brand across the world, where the premium segment was and is still in its infancy as the emerging market in mid-1990s. Europe, the traditional central market of the beer industry, has recovered from turning off beer through the off-trade from 2000 to 2010. A good deal of this increasing demand for premium products is being satisfied by the import from overseas apparently. (As shown in Table 1) Table 1: Imports of beer by country country Imports 2002(%) Imports 2008(%) United Kingdom Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Italy 10.9 4.74 2.6 2.3 23 3.1 27.2 17.7 12.8 10.5 10.1 31.4 7.6 33.5 Source: Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, (2011) Page 3 of 10SABMiller found the upward tendency and responded by buying Dutch specialist Grolsch in 2007. (Ewing, 2007) This acquisition of Grolsch not only replaced Amstel in the South African portfolios, but also filled a large gap in SABMillers international brand portfolios. The strategies SABMiller used make sense that their overall strength were consolidated and made profit from its financial report. 2. SABMillers industry competitive For the industry situation, it is necessary for SABMiller to analyse its competitive advantages as well as the core resource and competence. 2.1 Competitive advantages According to the theory of Porters generic strategies (1985), cost leadership strategy means the companys cost is the lowest in the industry and hence get much higher profit compared to competitors from the market price. Differentiation strategy means the companys product or service is not available from its competitors. The company can set a much higher price for its uniqueness and cover its higher costs. Focus strategy includes cost focus and differentiation focus. Both of which target a narrow segment market and try to meet their specific needs respectively. (As shown in Figure 2) The strategy adopted by SABMiller is differentiation focus strategy, which could be observed from the first characteristic. Figure 2: Porters Generic Strategies Target segment 1 Cost leadership 2 Differentiation 3a Cost focus 3b Differentiation Focus Broad target Narrow target Low High Cost Page 4 of 10Source: adapt from Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, (2011) Firstly, it is no doubt that developing the local and international brands or brand Page 5 of 10 Page 4 of 10 Page 4 of 10 Page of 10 Page 4 of 10portfolios that are the first choice of consumers so that they can create more attractive value is the one of the four priorities (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) in different markets. It means that the superior products provided by SABMiller are allowed to give a higher price than rivals. This is apparently in accordance with the definition of the differentiation advantage. Based on this, it is SABMillers competitive advantage that to own and nurture those attractive local and global brand portfolios that made more profits for it. Secondly, cost (related to cost leadership) and geographic advantage of SABMiller are in favor of its development. Acquisition and Alliance around the world have already help SABMiller to acquire numbers of factories and facilities and exploit the market so that it can cut down the investment on those projects in other countries. (Schoenberg, 2005) Thirdly, SABMiller succeeds because it attracts, develop and reward employees who have the passion to make a significant contribution to the continued growth of its business. Norman Adami, previously head of its South Africa Beer business, was appointed as Head of Miller, helped Miller to avoid exposing weakness and exploiting its strength. (SABMiller, 2012) 2.2 Management of threshold Threshold capabilities are those needed for an organization to meet the necessary requirements to compete in a given market and achieve parity with competitors in that market. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) The beer industry is easy to enter and the competition in this industry is also cut-throat. The threshold resources are required to meet minimum customers requirements and the capabilities deployed resources so as to meet customers requirements and support particular strategies. SABMiller improved the threshold through a series of acquisition and owned amount of resources and competences to proceed the next strategic step such as consolidation and extension of different levels of markets. For instance, the SABMiller has the plenty of funds to acquisition the company which have the rest value for it to use. 2.3 Core resource and competence There are two components of strategic capability: resources and competences. Resources are the assets that organisations have or can call upon. Competences are the ways those assets are used or deployed effectively. Table 2 shows the SABMillers resources and competences Table 2 Components of strategic capability Strategic capability Resources Categories Competences Wide range of brand portfolios Factories with super equipment Experience and operating practices Physical Diversification of products Improving the market share in geographically Being Familiar with the operating in this industry Plenty of funds to support acquisition Financial Giving the access into the world market more confidentially Well trained staffs experienced managers Human high efficiency influence of decision Source: Adapt from (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) The physical resources are basic for producers. According to the different markets and sales experience, SABMiller launched the famous brand portfolios by acquiring and alliance to account for a space in the industry. SABMiller has the strong funds support from its shareholders. By contrast to 2007, the investment in subsidiaries went up to 13,429 in March 2008. In addition, the performance of SABMiller was also great. The increasing of both revenue and profit before tax was over 16% from 2007 to 2008. (SABMiller, 2012) Page 6 of 10In terms of the human resource, excellent staffs and management acquired a significant boost in effectiveness. Especially, a decision maker who has the political courage and strong judiciary has the important impact on company as the Norman Adami, who is the key leader in management of Miller. 3. Strategic position and option SABMiller still has some disadvantages at present. According to the analysis above and the position of SABMiller in the industry, options are analysed before recommendation. 3.1 Consideration of the strategic option At the end of the case the SAB Mill faced how the group could continue to sustain its historical growth rate and performance going forward. Meanwhile, global competitors have already fought vigorously for market share. Even there are comments about AB I nBev will have a bid for SABMiller. (Lucas, 2011) The tendency was really against the development of SABMiller. At the same time, its brand development and capital control and utilization problems should be resolved. With the beer industry consolidated rapidly, SABMiller should take into account some aspects as following: 1. Cost of acquisition and alliances The business of SABMiller is internationalisation. SABMiller made the use of assets which are acquired by acquisition and alliance in both developed and undeveloped countries. SABMiller needed to occupy the premium beer market and keep the growing sales volumes to make more profits. Therefore, financial support played a key role in the series of measures. When SABMiller would be able to recover the investments and the cost of operating capital had to be considered carefully. 2. Market modification In the future world market, the ABI will be concentrated on USA, which is one of the most important traditional markets. Plus, Heineken and Carlsberg were invested heavily in Africa and Russia, respectively. Meanwhile Japanese brewers are developing very rapidly in emerging Asia market. The more new brewers come into the industry, the fiercer competition will be among them. Therefore, the SABMiller should pay more attention to keep up with the market changing and take measures quickly. It needs to consolidate the original position in constant areas and permeate gradually through the emerging market. Page 7 of 10 3.2. Strategic position In 2012, SABMiller is operating in a complex political, economic, social and technological world. To evaluate the strategic position of SABMiller and give the recommendation, it is better to analyse macro-environment, through which, the critical environmental factors can be identified. This could be done by Table 3 analysis, which provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies. Table 3: PESTEL analysis Political Sensitivity of government Domestic protection policy Economic Exchange risk The growth of demand Ingredient price Consolidation in the industry Social Lifestyle change (more entertainment party and club) Disease influence Technological New product Brand portfolio Environment The climate issues (lead to the lack of water) Legal Due to the local law, takeover attempts may generate problems Source: adapt from (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) Through PESTEL analysis(Tomas,2007), it is obvious that the tougher political and legal factors combined with stricter environmental regulations give the SABMiller some challenges in the process of reducing operational cost, although theres some help provide by the technological factors. In addition, the unpredictable exchange risk (soft currency) and climate issues (water risk) make the challenges scale extended. In another side, the social lifestyle change in premium market gives the SABMiller a chance to compete with other competitors in the aspect of sale volumes. 3.3 Strategic pursuit Through the analysis above, we can use SWOT (Jacob, Shepherd, Johnson, 1998) to conclude the whole situation of SABMiller: Page 8 of 10 1. Strengths: The competitive advantages, core resources and competence are the most important parts of SABMiller that include local and international brands and super equipments. 2. Weakness: SABMiller needs to control the financial management better rather than overusing them to purchasing power to force down ingredient prices. 3. Opportunities: With the development of economics, the consumption level of individuals is rising rapidly so that the market outlook is becoming more and more prospective. 4. Threats: In this industry, marketing competition is fierce and cruel. Especially, the key competitor, ABInbev, which is the largest brewery in the world, has the stronger power than SABMiller. SABMiller has to exploit its advantages and control the weakness. The first step before expansion is to maintain the current scale of the business. The investors benefits should be ensured so that it can acquire support from them. What is more, SABMiller should try its best to keep the market share, the quality and quantity of products and service. In addition, the financial management is another factor which is difficult to control such as exchanged rate and currency liquidity. Even though expending world market is really efficient, it has to keep the position within the industry urgently. Conclusion SABMiller is a company which developed through the acquisition of other businesses, meanwhile, to achieve such performance is not easy in a short period of time. In the case of the intensity of rivalry in the beer industry, it still needs strong and effective strategic decisions for future target plans. Through this analysis, SABMiller groundbreaking own brand positioning and operations of the acquired businesses as well as cash flow management. Page 9 of 10

The Films of Michael Moore Essay -- Film Industry

Michael Moore, an Academy Award-winning filmmaker is known for his highly controversial documentaries. He appeals to the younger generation, trying to educate people along with addressing our unresolved social issues in the United States. He gives insight to corrupt things that our government is involved in that citizens do not know. Michael Moore continues to prove to be a monumental influence through his work in the movie industry. His main message is to get people to stop following their government blindly, but rather speak out, ask questions, get involved, and most of all shows people’s power to be able to change what needs to be changed. He proves being patriotic means taking responsibility and being knowledgeable about what’s happening in the media and all of Michael Moore’s films give the audience this. Time magazine named Michael Moore one of the World’s 100 most influential people. Through his Oscar and Emmy awards, he substantiates even a powerless author and producer with nothing more than a pen and a movie camera can make a tremendous difference. His documentary Bowling for Columbine reiterated that by a determination and persistence that not only him, but patriots can create change. He interviewed some of the surviving victims of the Columbine shootings along with Charlton Heston, the NRA president. He shows the gruesome effect of allowing guns and bullets to be so easily accessible. Kmart was his main target and he took it upon himself by going right to the top of a major corporate food chain. The documentary was about how he was able to get them to stop selling bullets completely. Getting Kmart to stop selling bullets doesn’t mean that you are going to prevent kids from going somewhere else to buy them ... ...s own opinion in public, which many people are not courageous enough to do, and for that many respect him. Michael Moore proves that one man can make a difference. He is a great example of exercising our right to free speech and questioning the government. If something doesn’t seem right he is a spokesperson for finding out the truth. Moore was a small town boy who grew up to become one of the most influential documentary film makers of our time. Works Cited Bowling For Columbine. Dir. Michael Moore. 2002. Fahrenheit 911. Dir. Michael Moore. 2004. Penn, Sean. Time.com. 18 April 2005. 8 March 2012 . Sicko. Dir. Michael Moore. 2007. The Oprah Winfrey Show. Michael Moore's Sicko. 1 January 2006. 8 March 2012 .

Free College Essays - Roles of Cassio, Roderigo, and Brabantio in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Roles of Cassio, Roderigo, and Brabantio in Othello         Ã‚   From Shakespeare's play Othello, this paper will be discussing the roles   Ã‚   of Cassio, Roderigo and Brabantio, and their functions.      Ã‚   First, Cassio. Cassio is an honourable lieutenant and a soldier, who is   Ã‚   very loyal and caring towards his commanding officer, Othello, as shown   Ã‚   in one of many places, act two scene one line 45-48 when he is concerned   Ã‚   about Othello's well being because he has been lost at sea and says:    Thanks, you the valiant of this warlike isle, That so approve the Moor! O, let the heavens Give him the defense against the elements, For I have lost him on a dangerous sea       In the beginning of the play Cassio is appointed to the position of    lieutenant by Othello, so Cassio at first has his highest respect, until    later in the play where Othello believes he is having an affair with    Desdemona. Cassio's role in the play is not one of the extremely    important ones. His main function is to be a figure who's actions are    partially responsible for Othello believing that his wife is cheating on    him. For example, Cassio asking for Desdemona's help leads to the two of    them being seen together, which is in act three scene three line 35. In    the end of the play, Cassio becomes the governor in Cyprus after the    former Governor, Othello, commits suicide, in act five scene two from    line 366-378, which shows another of his functions, to act as one of the    means which ties up the loose ends at the end of the play.      Ã‚   Now, Roderigo. Roderigo is a foolish, cheated, gulled, dimwit.   Ã‚   Basically, his function in the play is to act as a lackey towards Iago.   Ã‚   His obedience towards Iago can be compared to that of Lennie Small   Ã‚   towards George Milton in the book Of Mice and Men, By John Steinbeck.      Ã‚   He does whatever Iago tells him to do, consistently in the hope of   Ã‚  Ã‚   obtaining Desdemona's love. He never realizes that his chances for ever

Cadmium And Sewage Sludge :: essays research papers

Cadmium and sewage sludge This essay concentrates on the heavy metal cadmium, and its occurrence in the environment, its pathways into and out of the human body and its movement into and out of Sewage sludge. Firstly, I will provide a clear definition of the Heavy Metal Cadmium. What is Cadmium? Cadmium is a naturally occurring element in the earth’s crust. Pure cadmium is a soft silver-white metal, but this form is not common in the environment. Rather, cadmium is most often encountered in combination with other elements such as oxygen (cadmium oxide), chlorine (cadmium chloride), or sulphur (cadmium sulphide). These compounds are all stable solids that do not evaporate, although cadmium oxide is often found as part of small particles present in air.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most cadmium is obtained as a by-product from the smelting of zinc, lead or copper ores. Cadmium has a number of industrial applications, but it is used mostly in metal plating, pigments, batteries, and plastics. Cadmium in the Environment Small quantities of cadmium occur naturally in air, water, soil and food. For most people, food is the primary source of cadmium exposure, since food materials tend to take up and retain cadmium. For example, plants take up cadmium from soil; fish take up cadmium from water, and so on. It is introduced into the environment from mining and smelting operations. Other cadmium emissions are from fossil fuel use, fertilizer application, sewage sludge disposal or galvanized pie corrosion. The largest source of these cadmium releases into the general environment is the burning of fossil fuels (such as coal or oil) or the incineration of waste materials. Cadmium may also escape into the air from zinc, lead or copper smelters. Working in or living close to a major source of airborne emissions such as these may result in higher than average exposure. Pathways into the human body Food and Drink   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cadmium can enter the blood by absorption from the stomach or intestines after ingestion of food or water. The amount of Cadmium ingested by an individual within a population can differ greatly due to dietary habits. For example, an individual who consumes a large amount of brown crabmeat or vegetables grown on land which is fertilised with sewage sludge are likely to have intakes of cadmium significantly above the average population level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only a small percentage of cadmium ingested with the food intake is absorbed, approximately 6%. However there are many factors, which can affect this figure, namely, physiological, such as age and the content of the diet.

The Difference Between Consumer Buyer Behaviour and Organisational Buyer Behaviour

The difference between Consumer Buyer Behaviour and Organisational Buyer Behaviour In this essay we will be talking about the difference between consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour and how marketers can harvest this knowledge to create the right marketing strategies for each category of market. The main difference between consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour is that consumer buying consists of activates involved in buying and using of products for personal and household use, where organisational buyers purchase primarily for organisational purpose.Consumer behaviour is complex and a company has to fit their product more closely and satisfy their customer needs more fully than the competitors. Marketers will also need to know whether their controllable variables, e. g. marketing mix variables, will affect buying behaviour. Culture is the broadest environmental factor witch influences buyer behaviour, consumption choices cannot be understo od without considering the culture. It is the prisms with witch customers perceive the product. The culture of consumers determines the priorities he attaches to different products.The link between consumer behaviour and culture is a two-way street. In one direction the products that are produced to fit a consumer’s culture are better accepted, in the other direction products and innovation that are created in a specific culture on a given time show us a clear domination in the cultures ideals. (Michael Solomon, Culture, 2006) Social class refers to the grouping together of individuals or families who have certain common social or economic characteristics. Societies can be divided in haves and have-nots.Social Class is determined by income, family background and occupation. The social class is not only determining how much money is spent by the individual but also how it is spent. (Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective, 2006) Consumer buyer behaviour Masl ow`s hierarchy of needs is the first model we are looking at. It implies a hierarchy of biogenic and psychogenic needs where the order of development is fixed and a certain level must be attained before the next higher one.In Maslow`s hierarchy one must first satisfy basic needs before he can progress up the ladder. The application of this model is relatively simplistic as one product can satisfy more than one need. (Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour , 2006) The next model we are talking about is the Howard Sheth model. The model describes brand decision under incomplete or limited information. It distinguishes three levels of decision: 1) Extensive problem solving- the buyer has little or no knowledge about the product and has no criteria by which to choose the product. ) Limited problem solving- In this stage the choice criteria are defined but the buyer is still undecided about the brads which best serve him. 3) Routinized responses behaviour- The criteria set in this stage is well defined and the consumer has the best brand which best serves him. He makes the buying process with little evaluation of alternatives. The Howard Sheth model borrows concepts from the learning model to explain brand choice. Four major components are involved in this process: impute variables, output variables, hypothetical constructs and exogenous variables. Rao, 2011) There are three different impute variable, the first and second is provided by the marketer by significant stimuli like physical brand characteristics and symbolic stimuli like visual or verbal characteristics. The third variable is provided by family, reference group etc. (Rao, 2011) The perceptual and learning construct define the main part of the model. It deals with the psychological variables with interact with the consumer decision making. The output variables are the response to the impute variables and helps us understand how the consumer will engage with the perceptual construct. Rao, 2011) The Last mode l we are looking at is the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model which was created to describe the knowledge concerning consumer behaviour. The first stage is the decision-process stage. The model is focusing on the five mine decision-process stages: Problem recognition, search for alternatives, alternate evaluation purchase, and outcomes. The consumer does not necessarily have to go through all this stages. The number of stages depends if it is an extended or a routine problem solving behaviour.The Second stage is the information impute where the consumer is getting information from marketing and non-marketing sources with will influence the decision-making process. The third stage is the information processing stage and it consists of the exposure, attention and retention of the consumer to the information. The consumer must first be exposed to the message, allocate space for this information, interpret the stimuli, and retain the message by transferring the input to long-term memory. The fourth stage consists of individual and environmental influences that affect all five stages of the decision process.Individual characteristics include motives, values, lifestyle, and personality; the social influences are culture, reference groups, and family. Situational influences, such as a consumer’s financial condition, also influence the decision process. (Engel, 1995) Organisational buyer behaviour Broadly speaking organisational customers can be classified in commercial, institutional and governmental sector. (Oxford University Page) The Commercial customers can be divided furthermore in 1) Distributors: They are also known as intermediaries and their main purpose is to transfer products through the supply chain adding value to them.The main types of intermediary are wholesales, dealers, agents, value-added resellers. 2) Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs): They are the classic business customer. They purchases parts or materials and manufacture and market with t he manufacturer’s brand. 3) Users: These customers buy some products to sustain their own production. 4) Retailers: They purchase goods to sell them to their customers. The Institutional customer may differ greatly from the commercial customer in the preceding list. Universities are a good example of institutional customers and the products they have to buy in order to keep operating. Oxford University Page) The Governmental customers can differ from government to government as they can regalement their spending on military health and education. While there are differences between consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour we clearly can see some similarities between them especially when we realises that rationality in organisational buyer behaviour can be misplaced. If the buyer are people to then they can also make mistakes lead by perception, emotion and pear pressure.On the other hand some consumer purchases involve high technical complexity and time invo lving information search. The practice of B2B and B2C is not always clear as an example we can take Sun Microsystems witch approaches large business directly but also encourages small developers to build OEM machines and sell them to customers. (Oxford University Page) We clearly can see that there are some similarities in the B2C and B2B market but there are some huge differences. For example, consumer markets often consist of millions of customers where far fewer customers are in the organisational market.A small percentage often makes a large percentage of the earnings of a B2B business. (Oxford University Page) The B2C buying process can be fairly complex for a high involvement purchase like a car but in a B2B market there is often not only one person involve in this process, it is typically known as the decision-making unit (DMU). Members involved in this decision making unit can be managers who are not involved in the usage of the product and often have a strategic and financi al perspective of the company but also members who directly use the product are involved in the decision making process.We can describe the different parties (Webster and Wind, 1972) in the decision making process as followed: 1) Initiator- is the person who makes the first request for the purchase 2) Buyer – they are the formal authority in the process and are making the purchases from the suppliers 3) Influencers –they affect the decision-making process by providing internal or external information. 4) Decision makers- they are the persons with the authority to approve a purchase. 5) Users – they are the persons who use the product. They often deliver feedback of the performance. ) Gatekeepers – they control the flow of information to other managers within the buying organisation One of the most recognised models of organisational buyer behaviour is the Buygrid Framework (Robinson et al, 1967). It combines nature of the buying situation with the stages in the decision process. It is worth noting the differences between the three buyclass situations: 1) New task purchases – In this category the company is buying a product or a service for the first time. They typically have no experience in the supplier’s capabilities. The DMU is usually larger and the schedule for the decision is often extended. ) Modified rebuy – in this chase the company has already knowledge about the suppliers capabilities but has to alter a variable in the order witch could be: time, amount or price. 3) Straight rebuy – in this case the company does not alter the order. It is normally seen when basic goods are ordered. The decision-making process is quite formal in B2B markets and it goes through many as eight buyphases for a new task purchase: 1) Problem Recognition – this can be created by a supplier review, dissatisfaction with current providers and changing business needs. ) General need description – the need can come from an innovation, the need for cutting costs or improving production. 3) Specifications – It necessity buyer/supplier dialog and is the part where suppliers are differentiated and evaluated. 4) Supplier search – it is the stage where a consideration set of suppliers is created and information is gathered. 5) Proposal submission – suppliers are put into a choice set and a proposal is solicited from those last few suppliers 6) Supplier Selection – in this stage proposals are evaluated and negotiation may take place between buyer and seller. ) Order process specification – in this stage an agreement or a contract is created. 8) Performance review – in this stage the suppliers are revised and benchmarked and then changed, modified or discontinued. (Oxford University Page) It is very important for a company in the B2B market to understand the different members and their roles in a DMU of a company; the members can be brought together from all parts of a company and can include purchasing, R&D, finance and even marketing.The marketing strategy of the supplying must reflect the individual interest within a DMU but also the whole interest and group dynamic of a DMU. (Oxford University Page) Referencing (n. d. ). Retrieved 03 21, 2012, from Oxford University Page: http://www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199551682/ellis_ch02. pdf Engel, J. B. (1995). Consumer Behaviour. In J. B. Engel, Consumer Behaviour. Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). In G. B. Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective (p. 460). Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). Consumer Behaviour . In G. B.Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective (pp. 125-126). Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). Culture. In G. B. Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Pespective (pp. 525-527). Rao, V. S. (2011, 01 10). Howard Sheth Model. Retrieved 03 21, 2012, from cite Man Network: http://www. citeman. com/13241-howard-sheth-model. html Robinson, P. J. , Faris, C. W. , & Wind, Y. (1976) Industrial Buying and Marketing , Allyn & Bacon, Boston Webste, F. E. & Wind, Y. (1972) Organisational Buying Behaviour, Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ

Container Store’s Approach to Human Resource Management

The Fortune's list of 100 best companies to work for is a source of prestige to companies that are nominated by their employees as the best companies to work for. The Container Store which is a Dallas-based retail store emerged number 32 in the recently released 2009 Fortune list. One department to reckon with at Container Store is the human resource management which earned the company a position in the Fortune 100 best companies to work for in America. But just what is Container Store's approach to human resource management?This paper seeks to answer this question and offers conclusions about the human resource management approach used by the company. Analysis Container Store makes use of a flexible human resource structure. Their rules on employees are simple and flexible and the concept of a rulebook or manual for employees is not their way of managing people (Laabs, 2001). The company is interested in people's ability to be straight forward and eager to counter different situatio ns with flexibility and creativity.Unlike in the traditional HR system, Container Store makes use of managers and supervisors to promote motivation and staff retention since they are more closer to the employees (Laabs, 2001). There is great interaction between employees and managers in order to create freedom of expression. Even the founders Kip and Garret still frequent the store to interact with employees and help them out (Container Store, 2009).The company's employee development philosophy focuses on employee's talents and not titles letting employees make the best use of their abilities to benefit themselves and the company. Container Store puts great value on employees describing them as the greatest assets in the organization. Motivation and an enthusiastic environment are the factors that give its employees the desire to stay with the company for years (Container Store, 2009). Career development and training ensure well qualified staff for the company which is very keen on customer care.For motivation, great benefits for their employees including exceptional training, job security and attractive pay package are provided. A 40% discount on the company's merchandise, 401(k) retirement benefits, medical and dental plans for employees both full-time and part-time provide even more benefits for the employees (Container Store, 2009). From the above analysis, we can conclude that the human resource management at Container Store is employee oriented. It allows flexibility and is democratic in nature.More so it values success and the management recognizes that the employees are key to achieving this. Container Store is also keen on its employee's welfare and health. This kind of management style brings in positive outcomes in a company since the employees will often feel as contributors to the business growth. According to the vice president of operations, Beth Barret, flexibility gives employees a chance to participate in company decision making (Laabs, 2001) .This gives a sense of responsibility and is better off than using autocratic kind of management system. Allowing employees to be flexible rather than follow a certain set of laws is a motivating factor and plays a big role in defining productivity of employees. Container Store's dedication to employee motivation is a good quality in the human resource management which is aimed at encouraging employee commitment to the company. Employee benefits are a good way of not only retaining employees but also motivation which promotes productivity. ConclusionFlexibility and staff involvement in the business activities are emphasized as the key contributors of Container Store's success. The qualities of the human resource management approach used by Container Store gives a justification for why the employees nominated it as the best company to work with. Word Count: 606 References Container Store (2009). Careers for Great People. Retrieved on April 27, 2009 from www. containerstore. com Laabs , J. K. (2001). Thinking Outside the Box at The Container Store – Human Resource Management Awards. Workforce, March Issue.

Mason-Caree, Renaissance Architecture

Part. B: Matson-Career. Since High Renaissance period was highly influenced by the Roman culture, the Roman orders of columns were applied in the architecture and most building plans and fade were symmetrical. One of the examples which can be brought from Roman times is the Matson-Career. It is an ancient building located in southern France, and considered to be one of the best preserved Roman temples. The three stepped floor was replaced with a tall platform, and the columns along the sides of the temple were converted to engage columns. Roman Architecture: Essential Humanities†) Units of measurements were based on the human scale and it was in mathematical proportions. One of the best examples of this is Laurent Library by Michelangelo. The Laurent Library was and still considered to be one of his greatest architectural achievements. The significance of the decoration of the library was the fact that they were handmade. The library is considered to be one of the most unified works of the High Renaissance in Florence. (â€Å"Laurent Library – Florence.Laurent Library) The reason why Laurent Library is so special is the fact that it shows the most complete examples of mannerism as its structure, both interior and the furniture. Mannerism comes from the Italian word â€Å"mariner†, which meaner ‘style,' and thus defines the sense of the artist's characteristics. The root of â€Å"Mannerism† originates from Rome at the end of the Renaissance time period. Since it is during the Late Renaissance, it was greatly influenced by the classicism and naturalism of High Renaissance; which was the impact of reformation.It was against he equilibrium of form and proportions of the Renaissance and it was notable in the way it was the period bridging the High Renaissance and the Baroque. The creation of Mannerism was the fine turning point of the historical and stylistic of the period in the way it was an explosion of originality but perfectly fits in the harmony of architectural forms. Laurent Library is unique in the way that it adapts mannerism but the late works of Michelangelo was influenced the mannerist.Michelangelo was praised for his breaking of the ancient architectural theory while other architects ere strictly following the theories. One of examples in Laurent Library was the stairway; its intention of the existence was more like a freestanding sculpture rather than functional architecture. Michelangelo architecture engaged many classical styles like the columns, capitals, bases and myriad as well as other elements from ancient Greece and influenced modern society 21 the century. The Laurent Library is a demonstration of how architects can be creative. Mason-Career, Renaissance Architecture By leukemia

Loss Of Innocence Essay (Grade Ten Advanced Placement, Non-Revised Version) Essay

Often, we as humans tend to separate ourselves from stories and myths. If a story is fictitious, we immediately dismiss any possibility of relating and learning from it. However, some archetypal events and themes observed in literature may be far more real than we wish to admit. The loss of innocence is one such archetype. Despite having broad definition, the effects of the loss of innocence are narrow. Commonly, an innocent or ignorant individual experiences an event or realization causing a shift towards experience and knowledge. Archetypes are present in Roman and Greek myths, and are still used today, sometimes unknowingly, in stories, songs, and poems. This is likely because it is a reflection of events in our own lives, to a certain extent. The innocence of youth, prevalence of a life-changing event, and experience of adults are all observed in life and literature alike. Before a shift towards the knowledge and understanding associated with experience, the loss of innocence archetype explains that a person is first unknowing, or ignorant. Innocence is often identified through a belief in, among other things, the reliability of appearances, stability & permanence, and immortality. Many literary figures concerning in the loss of innocence are youthful, although don’t unreservedly have to be so. Pandora, the first woman in Greek mythology, embodies many of these traits. In the myth Pandora’s Box, she is portrayed as being assuming and curious. Given a gift from each god, Pandora is created with the intent of her opening the vase also gifted to Epimitheus. Her decision to open the vase, as Zeus had anticipated, is reflective of her personality. She is asked not to do so, but goes against her husband’s request. Pandora believes that she will not be harmed opening the vase, life shall continue as before, and the vase is simply a container, nothing more. Primarily, this is because of her belief in immortality, stability & permanence, and the reliability of appearances. Consequently, both her and Epimitheus are punished and suffer from her decision. Other stories, like Adam and Eve, also deal with the idea of a prohibited object or action. Traits observed in these stories are generally associated with children in real life. Before young individuals gain experience and maturity, their curiosity, supported by a belief in the reliability of appearances, and inability to identify danger, or belief of immortality and stability, may cause them to endanger themselves such as Pandora did when opening the vase. In youth, this may be attempting to descend stairs or performing a dangerous action when told not to. Instances seen among older children may include disobeying parents to go out, or committing a crime because of friends. Within the loss of innocence archetypal event, a person experiences a life-changing event or realization, often in their late youth, before they can move towards experience or knowledge. As one initially moves from innocence to experience they may feel resentment, insecurity, or sorrow. Before they accept their new understandings and responsibilities, they may first see hypocrisy. The fairytale, Hansel and Gretel, is one of many examples illustrating this. Before they are held captive by the witch, Hansel And Gretel are seemingly carefree despite being removed from their home. Their misled views on the gingerbread house’s safety and appearance lead to their imprisonment, and potential death. As the story progresses, Hansel and Gretel devise and act upon a plan to free themselves. The story ends as the children reunite with their father after overcoming seemingly certain death. However, not all is the same after the children’s return. They have realized the deceptiveness of appearances, the ability of things and people to change, and that them themselves could have died. Their experience had caused a shift towards experience and knowledge, allowing them to escape. Other notable stories using a comparable format include How To Kill A Mockingbird and Lord Of The Flies. Outside literature, there are several reasons why a person might experience the loss of innocence. The death of a parent, friend, or loved one, is a broad example. However, the loss of innocence may be caused by simpler events, such as moving away from a friend’s neighborhood or losing a childhood keepsake. The loss of one’s innocence is not limited to an event; some may lose their innocence through philosophizing or reflecting upon their past, accepting new and different ideas about the world. As an individual shifts towards experience or knowledge, their beliefs are also said to change. The reliability of appearances, stability & permanence, and immortality are replaced with beliefs that appearances are deceptive, things and people change, and people do not live infinitely. Popular characters in cinema, such as Yoda, in Star Wars, or Gandalf, from Lord Of The Rings, both embody these traits. An experienced or knowledgeable character, however, does not absolutely have to be old. Athena, a goddess featured in Greek Mythology, also displays many of these characteristics. In the myth Athena And Arachne, Athena is challenged to try her weaving and embroidery skills against those of Arachne under the condition that if she wins, Arachne is to pay with her life. Athena attempts to convince Arachne to bow down from the challenge, however, cannot make her see the error in her decision. Arachne stands by her words, assuming she will not be harmed, Athena will be an equal competitor, and that life will continue as before. In this situation, Arachne is portrayed as being innocent, or ignorant. Subsequently, Arachne loses to Athena who decides to spare her life instead turning her in to a spider. Athena recognizes that she could have let Arachne to die, although, also recognizes that people have the capacity to change and so lets Arachne experience her guilt and shame. Her experience, or knowledge, allows her to make this decision. Teachers, parents, or other people who play a role in mentorship or leadership are commonly said to be experienced or knowledgeable. An experienced person in real life accepts themselves, their understanding of the world, and their responsibilities. As a society, we are consistently changing and refining ourselves. If one incident has been consistent throughout human history, it has been the capability to influence and create change. Although the loss of innocence may not be a large change, it defines the difference between youth and adult, a concept that has been prominent in our society since it’s very creation. Children, the innocent, are educated in schools and raised by parents so they can one day become experienced. Upon a closer look at the loss of innocence archetype in literature, we may begin to draw parallels from the innocence, life-changing events, and experience of those within stories with our own. Although literature will never fully describe humans, we may look to stories, songs, and movies, to help make sense of our own lives.

A Brief History of Hieroglyphics

The word hieroglyph has been applied to the scripts of the Indus civilization and of the Hittites, who also possessed other scripts, in addition to the Mayan, the Incan, and Easter Island writing forms, and also the signs on the Phaistos Disk on Crete, but the strict meaning of the word is used only to describe the carvings on Egyptian monuments. The most ancient hieroglyphs can be dated back to the end of the 4th millennium BC. They describe scenes and are cut in relief, or into the stone, mostly in chapels or tombs. Although it is impossible to know, but these early signs are probably based on the same system that the later set of hieroglyphics, known as classical hieroglyphics is based. Hieroglyphic signs were representations of living beings or inanimate objects by simplistic drawings. Over the years, some of the representations fell out of meaning, such as clubs, which at one time were used as weapons, and other weapons took their place. But they glyph stayed. Sometimes the object described by the glyph completely fell out of daily use and the meaning eventually became lost or it was distorted beyond recognition. Always only a few people in a limited circle understood the script. Only those who needed the knowledge in their professions were able to acquire the task of writing and reading the glyphs. These people were, for example, officials, doctors, and priests. Since the glyphs were too complex for everyday use, hieratic script was developed. Easier abbreviated script was developed for writing by brush stroke on a medium such as papyrus. Classical hieroglyphics evolved through the need to identify a pictorial representation of an event, such as a hunt or a particular battle. Hieroglyphs were added to scenes to signify that the work of art was not just an unknown war or such, but a specific one. This also one of the first times that we see people interested in preserving their history for others to learn about in later times. It was this new attitude toward time and toward history as unique events in time led to the invention of hieroglyphic writing. Hieroglyphics dominated monumental and sacred writings and was accepted in the Greece until the situation was altered with the conversion of the area to Christianity in the nd and 3rd centuries AD. The new religion fought against the Egyptian polytheism and traditions, and with its victory, the Greek script triumphed. The ability to understand the script was lost for many hundreds of years until the failure of Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt turned up the Rosetta Stone on which was written the same statement in three languages, Classical hieroglyphics, Hieratic script, and Greek. With the discovery of thi s asphalt tablet, archeologists were finally able to begin to unlock the key to understanding the long dead written language of hieroglyphics.

FedEx company in courier delivery industry.International Business Essay

FedEx company in courier delivery industry.International Business - Essay Example Business analysts often point out the reasons why certain firms have gone out to the international markets and have been successful while others have been a total failure in their pursuit of international growth. The initiative taken by a an international company or firm to tap into new markets requires consistency with the company’s overall strategy since unfocussed or sporadic exploitation of resources directed at achievement of international market growth can be counterproductive by soaking up limited resources with little or no returns. Any obstacles that might hinder entry into markets such as duties or regulatory laws need to be determined beforehand and adequately addressed. In the Chinese market, the authorities do not permit FedEx and other multinational firms to conduct domestic courier services (Berman 2012). It is therefore imperative that managers tasked with the duty of analysing strategies of entering new markets identify and clearly detail the company’s strengths and weaknesses to assist in maximizing and focusing on the international opportunities. Aspects of the company such as sales, supply chain, and marketing should be addressed, a clear and detailed direction should be formulated and management support resources dedicated to increase chances of success that may otherwise be impeded by lack of familiarity. Companies need to establish effective supply chain models and infrastructures that link efficiently with the commercial aspect of the business to formulate a strategy that enhances growth in new and existing markets. FedEx Market Entry Strategies in China FedEx is a multinational corporation established in America, but has a complex network of branches and subsidiaries around the globe and it deals with the business of courier. FedEx is  a global enterprise that conducts its various activities and operations throughout  the world in countries such as China among others. China is a major world economy dealing in electrome chanical goods such as cars and other electronic products like phones and computers. These products are in high demand in many countries and continents of the world and for these merchandise to reach their targeted destinations the producing company is obligated to contact a transporting agency specifically FedEx to conduct the translocation. FedEx as  a business enterprise has distinct rules and structures guiding its operations to ensure successful transaction in the global scene including the Chinese market.  Ã‚  These structures include the Global Entry Strategies which is a mechanism involved with efficient delivery of  parcels to a specific location and spreading them there mainly involving importing and exporting such products. Theories under this structure include sequential theory and  network theory (Liso and Leoncini 2010, p.189). This theory is closely related to the Uppsala model that states that organizations perfect their business in overseas markets; therefor e, FedEx has an obligation of first training their employees on various fields in order to perfect the handling and service provision. This theory has four major stages composing of maintenance of sporadic exports, use of representatives and agencies, overseas sales through knowledge agreements with domestic firms and FDI in the foreign market. The main features of  the Uppsala model in any organization and specific to FedEx include experience achieved from the domestic market before embarking on the

Business Aspects of the School Community & Human Resources and School Essay - 1

Business Aspects of the School Community & Human Resources and School Finance - Essay Example Merit pay refers to an approach that is used to compensate and reward teachers based on their performance. This is done through incentives such as additional pay. Numerous counties and district schools have implemented merit pay based on student attainment test scores. The pay increment is based on goals and achievements set by the school administrator or the principal. Debates on the implementation of performance pay have resulted to heated debates by authors, scholars and even political leaders. Various individuals have supported it citing advantages while others have fought against its adoption citing its disadvantages. Brimley and Garfield (2008) assert that employment of merit pay in an institution or region results to improved student and teacher performance. Arguably, researchers and authors note that rewarding teachers and tutors according to their efficacy would be coherent to management maxims from the private segment and would result to better student and teacher performan ce. Research indicates that merit pay contributes to student pay. Evidence has it that, in the implemented counties and states, more than 50 percent of the schools who have implemented merit pay perform better than the schools who have not implemented merit pay. From this, Brimley and Garfield (2008) note that the incentives acts as motivational factors that prompt teachers to work hard and perform better. Implementation of merit pay in Tennessee would lead to improved student and teacher performance. On the other hand, merit pay assists in recruitment and retention of teachers within the schools and the county. In reference to Brimley and Garfield (2008), schools that adopt merit pay approach attract competent and highly trained teachers than those who have not implemented the approach. Lower socioeconomic schools in Tennessee can use this approach to attract qualified teachers and tutors. Research has it that low socio-economic schools attract highly skilled teachers after adoptio n of merit pay. Debatably, merit pay programs can also lessen the challenge of teacher retention. Brimley and Garfield (2008) argue that performance pay motivates the teachers and helps in keeping the training teachers from leaving school and the profession. Merit pay can assist Tennessee County retain and attract competent and highly skilled personnel. Merit pay helps identify the best performers in schools and reward them according to their efforts. This, in turn, motivates the teacher to perform better and achieve better results. Adoption of merit pay by Tennessee County can assist in boosting teacher morale and in turn boost its performance. However, implementation of merit pay has arguments opposed to it. Numerous researches have shown that merit pay contributes to low teacher drive and poor results. According to Brimley and Garfield (2008), merit pay promotes unhealthy competition among teachers. All the teachers want to achieve high and receive rewards. This leads to reduced corporation among the teachers as one will feel that they are helping the other teacher attain high performance and get the reward. Research has shown that some of the teachers have gone to the extent of bribing and inducing students to rate or perform poorly in a teacher’s subject so that they may receive the award. This may lead to poor performance in the schools and the Tennessee County in general. In addition, a teacher’s merit is difficult to measure. According to Bri